Elementary Statistics In Education And Psychology

PREFACE

Education and Psychology are the main disciplines of behavioural science division of human knowledge. Science is collection of observations and experiences about certain behaviours intends to understand and communicate precisely and objectively through the process of Elementary Statistics and Measurement. Mathematics and statistics are the universal language which are easily and powerfully utilized by any science, its terminology is very wide in numerals but well defined. The verbal language communicate approximately but not objectively and the areas traits. variables, characteristics or a phenomenon accurately and objectively. It is transformed by mathematics or statistics easily in thoughts. The Elementary Statistics is a useful means to obtain precision and objectivity in the formulations.

Elementary Statistics has focus to make observations or data meaningful and to draw inferences on the basis sample statistics. The process of measurement provides raw data which are meaningless and statistical analysis make these data meaningful. The data indicate about the sampling distribution. The sampling is an economical device to make the research work feasible and more functional, because it is difficult or some time impossible to measure population. The population parameters are estimated by sample statistics. This process is known as statistical inferences. This type of elementary statistics and analysis is termed as parametric statistics. Such statistical techniques make assumptions about the parameters. Recently new statistical techniques make assumptions about the parameters. The new statistical techniques have been developed no assumption about the shape of population, therefore it is also called ‘ranking test’ or ‘order test’ Both types of statistical techniques. Parametric and non-parametric statistics have been discussed in this book.